To 3/F 法子《實質負利率一定對?》
1. 香港80、90年代,當時供樓利率都在10厘以上,80年代頭還出現過20厘。但通脹是否超過20%?否則如何出現「實質負利率」?但香港80、90年代,樓市飛升得很利害啊。所以不能只看「實質負利率」,就預期樓市升跌。
2. 所謂「放在不同時期皆準」。其實通脹率的計算本身就係包括「租金」在內,而其他的成份也「很受樓市和樓市的成交所影響」,所以通脹率的計算是果,樓市是因。如果只回望過去,見到「樓市跌的時期,通脹率都係低,甚至通縮」,就覺得能用「實質負利率」可以預測樓市。這樣某程度上「因果互換」了。
I think we need to make apple to apple comparison. I suggest the following two and I use both to monitor property market
Real interest rate (RIR) = Bank interest rate( saving rate) - inflation.
Real mortgage rate (RMR)= Mortgage rate - rental yield.
RIR is the measure of general economy.
RMR is the measure of property yield return. (For property investor)
For individual calculation, I use RMR. RIR and RMR is related.
Bank saving rate increases(money supply decreases), then mortgage rate increases.
Rental yield increase, then inflation should, but not always, increase.
Rental yield is only one factor of inflation. Rent increases, then inflation increases proportionally.
We cannot say inflation increases because of rent increases. (other factor can decreases to cause deflation even if only rent increases)
放在不同時期皆準?
Negative RIR is rare. It can generate positive carry trade in general economy. People can gain even buy toilet paper.
Negative RMR is also rare. I dont have update global data with me now. For example, China RMR should be positive 2 to 4%.
And even in US, RMR should be around 4 - 3 % = 1. Just estimate.
HK RMR = 2.15 - 3.15 = - 1% and with Hibor ( + 0.7 plan) = .9 -3.15 = - 2.25%.
Rental yield in Negative RMR formula is the RESULT of many factors: property supply, GDP, population growth etc.
Mortgage rate in Negative RMR formula is the RESULT of QE, HKD/USD Peg etc. It is a UNIQUE structural condition which is exogenous (外源性)using Prof Yiu's term. And in return, it is the CAUSE of negative RMR.
I would agree that negative RIR would cause property rises in most situations. Proof involves long arguments. So I stop here.